Evaluating the Efficacy of Skin Grafting in Accelerating Healing of Lower Extremity Ulcers

Efficacy of Skin Grafting in Lower Extremity Ulcers

Abstract

Abstract Views: 145

Background: To determine the effectiveness of skin grafting in the healing process of ulcers on the lower extremities. Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Surgery and included 110 cases of healing ulcers. Patients aged >18 years of both sexes were enrolled, excluding those with malignant or tubercular ulcers. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Patient data, including demographics, clinical history, and examination findings, were documented. Diagnostic tests, including X-ray, routine blood investigations, and culture sensitivity, were performed. Skin grafting, either split-thickness (STSG) or full-thickness (FTSG), was carried out under spinal anesthesia. The graft was prepared, meshed, and applied to the ulcer bed. Graft uptake was assessed on the 3rd-5th post-operative day and categorized into four groups: 70-80%, 80-90%, 90-100%, and 100% uptake. Follow-up evaluations were conducted at 1-2 month intervals. Results: The study population consisted of 60.00% males and 40.00% females. The majority (50.00%) of ulcers healed within 4-7 days, while 30.91% took 8-11 days. Diabetic foot ulcers were the most common cause (35.45%), followed by traumatic ulcers (30.00%). STSG was performed in 84.55% of cases and FTSG in 15.45%. Graft outcomes showed 31.82% achieving 90-100% uptake and 27.27% achieving 100% uptake. Complications were low, with infections in 6.36% of cases and no graft uptake in 9.09%, while 84.55% experienced no complications. Conclusion: Skin grafting is highly effective in promoting ulcer healing on the lower extremities, with high rates of graft uptake and low complication rates. Appropriate graft selection, wound bed preparation, and post-operative care are essential to optimize outcomes and improve patient recovery.